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Chef

A chef plans menus, prepares and cooks food to a consistent standard, leads a section or kitchen and is responsible for quality, presentation and food-safety practice.

Part of the occupations cluster in the employment knowledge graph — connected to occupations, documents, hiring guides, career guides, country guides and employment law.

What a chef does

A chef prepares and cooks food in a professional kitchen, working to recipes and standards while controlling quality, presentation and timing. Depending on the level, a chef may lead a section, run a service or take charge of the whole kitchen.

The role blends craft with organisation: planning dishes, ordering ingredients, training junior staff and keeping the kitchen running cleanly and safely during busy service. Titles such as commis, chef de partie, sous-chef and head chef describe different levels of responsibility.

Core responsibilities

  • Preparing and cooking dishes to recipe and presentation standards.
  • Planning or contributing to menus and specials.
  • Ordering ingredients and managing stock and waste.
  • Running or supporting a section during service.
  • Maintaining food-safety, hygiene and allergen practices.
  • Training and guiding junior kitchen staff.
  • Keeping the kitchen clean, organised and well-stocked.

Skills and qualities

  • Strong cooking technique and a good palate.
  • Consistency and attention to detail under pressure.
  • Organisation and timing across multiple dishes.
  • Knowledge of food safety, hygiene and allergens.
  • Calm leadership and clear communication.
  • Stamina for long shifts on your feet.
  • Creativity for menu development.

Typical employers and settings

  • Restaurants, bistros and gastropubs.
  • Hotels, resorts and banqueting operations.
  • Contract catering for businesses, schools and hospitals.
  • Cafés, delis and quick-service kitchens.
  • Events, weddings and private catering.

How the role is recruited

  • Roles are filled directly, through hospitality recruiters or word of mouth in the trade.
  • Screening looks at experience, the cuisines worked and the level held.
  • Interviews often include a paid or unpaid cooking trial or trade test.
  • Right-to-work and food-safety qualifications are usually checked.
  • Onboarding covers menus, recipes, kitchen layout and house standards.

Documents involved

  • A job description setting out the level, cuisine and section.
  • An employment contract or fixed-term contract for seasonal work.
  • An offer letter confirming role, hours and start date.
  • Food-safety and hygiene certificates where required.
  • Right-to-work and identity checks as required.
  • A reference letter from previous kitchens.

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For informational purposes only. This is neutral, educational guidance — not legal, employment-law, immigration, payroll, tax, financial or compliance advice, and not an interpretation of any law. It contains no salary or compensation data, no benchmarks or averages, no fabricated studies, surveys or case studies, and no software, vendor or provider rankings. Requirements vary by jurisdiction, industry and contract and change over time. Confirm all specifics with qualified professionals before acting.
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FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What does a chef do?

A chef prepares and cooks food to a consistent standard, helps plan menus, runs or supports a kitchen section during service and upholds food-safety and hygiene practice.

What is the difference between a chef and a cook?

The terms overlap, but chef usually implies formal training, menu involvement and more responsibility for standards and leadership, while cook often describes preparing dishes to set recipes.

What skills does a chef need?

Strong technique, consistency, organisation, food-safety knowledge, calm leadership and the stamina to work long, busy shifts.

How are chefs usually hired?

Directly, through hospitality recruiters or word of mouth, often with a cooking trial or trade test, plus checks on right to work and food-safety qualifications.

Do chefs need formal qualifications?

Many chefs train through culinary courses or apprenticeships, but experience and ability count heavily; food-safety certification is commonly expected and requirements vary by country.